South Africa
Notes
The 2nd Boer War
Lord Kitchener
Responsbile for winning the Boer War
Winston Churchill
English create the worlds first concentration camps
Kidnap woman and children and put in camps- burn homes down and destroy farms
Boer men have to come out to save homes and family- fighting on open grouds
England wins Boer War- South Africa is under British control
Boer Indpendance
South Africa granted Commonwealth Status
Began to economically rebuild SA
Politcal structure dominated by the Afrikaans
English back away and let the Afrikaans
No one talking to the Bantus- represent 80% of the population (black)
20% of the population (white) domiate the country- economically, politically, socially
Bantus create a political party- African Nation Congree (ANC)
WWII
Hitler believes in anti-Semitism- makes the Afrikaans believe that their superiority is simply science
The Dutch Reform Church- becaomes the most vocal support for Nazi and against England
Apartheid
Solgan for SA until 1990
Daniel Francois Marlan:
Created white towns
Legal seperation- blacks could not enter white land and vise versa
Created a situation where 80+% of the population was given 13% of the worst land
ANC
Tried to form a politcal party so they could be part of the conversations- whites didnt want to listen
Albert Luthuli- leader of ANC
Goes with the ideas of Ghandi- simply dont do what the government says
Sharpesville Massacre
70 murdered- 180-190 injured
government claims state of emergancy
Canada, Great Britain and Australia- took a stance against what was happening in SA
Spear of the Nations
Violent wing of the ANC
Nelson Mandela- leader
Ultimatley failed
Police arrived as the crowd grew
Police are ordered to open fire- 1500 police
600 people killed
Turning point- white university students realize that this is not the right thing to do (Whites start marching with the blacks)
SA banned from everything (isolation) no tradding, no sports
Brings in DeKlerk
First thing he does is legalises ANC- blacks now have a voice
Mandela is freed- end of Apartheid
- 1899- 2nd Boer War
Lord Kitchener
Responsbile for winning the Boer War
Winston Churchill
English create the worlds first concentration camps
Kidnap woman and children and put in camps- burn homes down and destroy farms
Boer men have to come out to save homes and family- fighting on open grouds
England wins Boer War- South Africa is under British control
Boer Indpendance
South Africa granted Commonwealth Status
Began to economically rebuild SA
Politcal structure dominated by the Afrikaans
English back away and let the Afrikaans
No one talking to the Bantus- represent 80% of the population (black)
20% of the population (white) domiate the country- economically, politically, socially
Bantus create a political party- African Nation Congree (ANC)
WWII
- 1939- World War II breaks out
Hitler believes in anti-Semitism- makes the Afrikaans believe that their superiority is simply science
The Dutch Reform Church- becaomes the most vocal support for Nazi and against England
- 1948- Election
Apartheid
Solgan for SA until 1990
Daniel Francois Marlan:
- Class individuals by race
- banned interbreeding
- 1950- Group Areas Act
- 1953-Seperate Amenities Act
Created white towns
- 1966- Homelands Act
Legal seperation- blacks could not enter white land and vise versa
Created a situation where 80+% of the population was given 13% of the worst land
ANC
Tried to form a politcal party so they could be part of the conversations- whites didnt want to listen
Albert Luthuli- leader of ANC
Goes with the ideas of Ghandi- simply dont do what the government says
Sharpesville Massacre
- 1960- Sharpesville
70 murdered- 180-190 injured
government claims state of emergancy
Canada, Great Britain and Australia- took a stance against what was happening in SA
- 1961- SA withdrawls from the Commonwealth
Spear of the Nations
Violent wing of the ANC
Nelson Mandela- leader
- 1956-Charged with treason
- 1961- Aqquitted
Ultimatley failed
- 1964-Sentanced to life in prison on Robben Island
- 1989- Mandela gets out
- 1974- Afrikaans Medium Decree
Police arrived as the crowd grew
Police are ordered to open fire- 1500 police
600 people killed
Turning point- white university students realize that this is not the right thing to do (Whites start marching with the blacks)
SA banned from everything (isolation) no tradding, no sports
- 1985- state of emergancy placed- country so unstable
- 1989- Botha is done
Brings in DeKlerk
First thing he does is legalises ANC- blacks now have a voice
Mandela is freed- end of Apartheid
- 1993- Mandela and DeKlerk jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
Subjuntive Question
If apartheid hadn't happened, how would the way South Africa runs be different today?
Quote
"Real leaders must be ready to sacrifice all for the freedom of their people."
-Nelson Mandela
-Nelson Mandela
3, 2, 1
3 words
- inequality
- hatred
- violence
- If the ANC had not of been legalized, would Mandela have ever become President?
- Without Nelson Mandela, would South Africa still be the way it was, dominated by whites?
- The white people in moving to South Africa were like aliens landing on earth and taking over.
Blog
To what extent was violence necessary for the end of Apartheid in South Africa?
Apartheid in South Africa was the separation of blacks and whites from the 1950’s to 1990. Daniel Francois Malan, Prime Minister of South Africa at the time put forward two acts, The Group Area Act of 1950 and The Separate Amenities Act of 1953. These acts classed individuals by race and banned interbreeding. Everyone was required to carry identity cards and areas where only white were permitted were created. At first, the blacks followed Ghandi’s approach to fighting for their civil rights, however, when the whites refused to listen Nelson Mandela created the Spear of the Nations. Violence was necessary for the blacks to end Apartheid as it was the only way they could be heard, although, it was not necessary for the whites to kill hundreds of blacks who were simply fighting for their human rights.
The sole reason that Nelson Mandela created the Spear of the Nations, the violent wing of the ANC, was to ensure that the black people’s voices were being heard. They tried Ghandi’s non-violent approach, to simply not do what the government said, but that resulted in hundreds of blacks being killed. When peaceful protests were not making any movement, Mandela and the Spear of the Nations started to use violence against the whites. The direct result of Mandela’s violence got him a life sentence on Robben Island, however, in the long run, the Spear of the Nation’s violence was what ended Apartheid in South Africa.
This violence Mandela and the ANC used was what caught the attention of the white university students. After the Soweto Uprising, university students started to realize that the way the blacks were being treated was not right. As a result, they started marching with the blacks. When election time came, the majority of the population that could vote was the students. They voted Botha out of presidency and brought in DeKlerk. DeKlerk legalized the ANC and freed Mandela from prison, ultimately giving the blacks the voice they deserve.
While not all whites wanted to see the black population in South Africa diminish, the majority did. The unnecessary violence from the whites started in 1960 at the Sharpesville Massacre. All of the protestors were unarmed, but despite that, the police came in with open fire and killed 70 blacks while injuring 180-190. It continued in 1974 at the Soweto Uprising after the Afrikaans Medium Decree was put in place; a law where Afrikaans or English were the only two languages you could learn. Forbidding schools and parents to teach native language and cultures. 600 blacks were killed at this uprising when 1500 police arrived and were ordered to open fire. All of this violence used by the police was unnecessary because in the end it did not help to keep Apartheid. It made the blacks fight fire with fire and allowed them to eventually win back their fundamental rights.
South Africa was so incredibly unstable in 1989 that something had to be done. The country had been in a state of emergency since the Sharpesville Massacre in 1960. Botha was voted out and DeKlerk was the new President. With the help of Mandela, DeKlerk ended Apartheid and tried to stitch together the parts of South Africa that were able to survive. The whites used unnecessary violence, killing hundreds of blacks who had all the right to be protesting because they were being derived from their human rights. In the end the whites violence had no impact on keeping Apartheid in South Africa. While the white’s violence did not benefit them, the black’s violence definitely did. The violence used by the blacks helped them to end Apartheid. It made their voice be heard when the whites wouldn’t listen and helped to create an equal South Africa today.
Apartheid in South Africa was the separation of blacks and whites from the 1950’s to 1990. Daniel Francois Malan, Prime Minister of South Africa at the time put forward two acts, The Group Area Act of 1950 and The Separate Amenities Act of 1953. These acts classed individuals by race and banned interbreeding. Everyone was required to carry identity cards and areas where only white were permitted were created. At first, the blacks followed Ghandi’s approach to fighting for their civil rights, however, when the whites refused to listen Nelson Mandela created the Spear of the Nations. Violence was necessary for the blacks to end Apartheid as it was the only way they could be heard, although, it was not necessary for the whites to kill hundreds of blacks who were simply fighting for their human rights.
The sole reason that Nelson Mandela created the Spear of the Nations, the violent wing of the ANC, was to ensure that the black people’s voices were being heard. They tried Ghandi’s non-violent approach, to simply not do what the government said, but that resulted in hundreds of blacks being killed. When peaceful protests were not making any movement, Mandela and the Spear of the Nations started to use violence against the whites. The direct result of Mandela’s violence got him a life sentence on Robben Island, however, in the long run, the Spear of the Nation’s violence was what ended Apartheid in South Africa.
This violence Mandela and the ANC used was what caught the attention of the white university students. After the Soweto Uprising, university students started to realize that the way the blacks were being treated was not right. As a result, they started marching with the blacks. When election time came, the majority of the population that could vote was the students. They voted Botha out of presidency and brought in DeKlerk. DeKlerk legalized the ANC and freed Mandela from prison, ultimately giving the blacks the voice they deserve.
While not all whites wanted to see the black population in South Africa diminish, the majority did. The unnecessary violence from the whites started in 1960 at the Sharpesville Massacre. All of the protestors were unarmed, but despite that, the police came in with open fire and killed 70 blacks while injuring 180-190. It continued in 1974 at the Soweto Uprising after the Afrikaans Medium Decree was put in place; a law where Afrikaans or English were the only two languages you could learn. Forbidding schools and parents to teach native language and cultures. 600 blacks were killed at this uprising when 1500 police arrived and were ordered to open fire. All of this violence used by the police was unnecessary because in the end it did not help to keep Apartheid. It made the blacks fight fire with fire and allowed them to eventually win back their fundamental rights.
South Africa was so incredibly unstable in 1989 that something had to be done. The country had been in a state of emergency since the Sharpesville Massacre in 1960. Botha was voted out and DeKlerk was the new President. With the help of Mandela, DeKlerk ended Apartheid and tried to stitch together the parts of South Africa that were able to survive. The whites used unnecessary violence, killing hundreds of blacks who had all the right to be protesting because they were being derived from their human rights. In the end the whites violence had no impact on keeping Apartheid in South Africa. While the white’s violence did not benefit them, the black’s violence definitely did. The violence used by the blacks helped them to end Apartheid. It made their voice be heard when the whites wouldn’t listen and helped to create an equal South Africa today.